Pulse
Heart rate – an indicator, easily accessible to the definition gives important information about the activities of the cardiovascular system. The pulse can be considered as 10 -, 15 -, 30 – and 60-sekuidnymi intervals. More accurate data are obtained by calculating it for a minute. In sports medicine is considered to be the pulse of 10-sekuidnymi intervals (at rest is given by definition 4.3 on a 10-sekuidnym intervals), with a compelling description of the pulse – the rhythm, or arrhythmia him, in addition, counting the pulse on a 10-second intervals, produced after measured physical load, allows timely notice offensive since the restoration of it.
Arrhythmia pulse may be respiratory nature, while inspiratory pulse quickens, and during exhalation – uryazhaetsya. This arrhythmia often observed in athletes and is not a rejection of his rule. Among other types of arrhythmia is most common extrasystolic arrhythmia, characterized by the emergence of an extraordinary heart rate, followed by an extended pause. This arrhythmia can be easily determined when calculating the pulse. At the same from time to time reveals loss of pulse impact. Rare, isolated extrasystoles – fairly frequent phenomenon. They are relatively harmless. However, extrasystoles may be frequent (for example, through one or two normal heart rate). In this case, suffers from circulatory function (at the time extrasystolic reduce cardiac cavity is not enough time to adequately fill with blood and systolic ejection of blood is greatly reduced or even absent).
The most frequent cause of extrasystolic arrhythmia in athletes is physical stress and overtraining. To determine the cause of extrasystolic arrhythmia requires careful medical examination. Based on the analysis of the results of the survey, and data of medical and pedagogical observations addressed the question of whether physical training for this person.
Normally, in untrained adult pulse rate ranges from 60-89 beats / min.
In the supine position, he averaged 10 beats per minute less than the standing. In women, heart rate by 7-10 beats / min more often than men the same age. Children are defined much larger magnitude heart rate (HR) than in adults. With age, heart rate they
decreases. Thus, in newborns the value of its average 140 beats per minute in infants under 1 year – 120 beats / min in children aged 2-5 years – 100 beats / min.
To obtain comparable data, it is necessary to measure the pulse is always in the same body position (lying, sitting or standing). For example, it is desirable to measure the pulse of the morning after sleeping in the supine position. Before and after training – sitting.
Determining the value of the pulse, it should be remembered that the cardiovascular system is very sensitive to various influences (emotions, physical exertion, etc.). That is why most bradycrotic recorded in the morning, immediately after awakening, the horizontal position of the body (ie, under conditions close to the main exchange). Before the lessons it can increase substantially (affects emotional impact).
Pulse less than 60 beats per minute (bradycardia) are often recorded in athletes, especially practicing endurance (cross-country racers, marathon runners, long-distance runners, cyclists – roadies, etc.).
For example, a cross-country racers qualifications pulse rate at rest is usually 40-50 beats per minute, which is one of the manifestations of the most important functional features of the trained heart – cost of his work.
Most of bradycardia is determined immediately after sleep, the horizontal position of the body. During the day, especially if the pulse is counted or sitting in an upright position, bradycardia detected less frequently.
If the athlete exercises are not directed at the priority development of endurance, it is not observed and significant decrease in heart rate. With regular endurance training is 3-4 months after the pulse becomes more rare.